Systems in English Grammar
An Introduction for Language Teachers
Errors Found in First Printing
Title Pg Replace "California State University Fresno" with "San Jose State University"
p. iii Replace "319" with "379"
p. 5 Ex. 1.2: Replace "microcomputer" with "violinist". [Note underline under "ist"]
Ex. 1.3, Example: Replace DM with DM
microphone darkness
CW CW
Ex. 1.3, #1: Replace "transmitting" with "sending".
#5: Replace "circumnavigated" with "circled".
Add to footnote: "See Irregular Verbs, p. 470."
p. 6 Paragraph 1, line 3: Replace "know" with "known"
p. 17 Para. 3, line 3: In formula for NP, replace "(ADJ)n" with "(AdjP)" and add a second arrow followed
by "PRO" to get NP -> DET (AdjP) N (PP)n
-> PRO
Line 4: Replace "any number of optional adjectives [ADJ] (the parentheses indicate optionality
and the small n indicates any number)" with "an optional adjective phrase [AdjP] (the
parentheses indicate optionality)"
Line 6: After "...optional prepositional phrases [PP]" add "(the small n indicates any number)".
p. 19 Replace "(we will discuss linking verbs in Chapter 3)" with "(e.g., appear, become, look, remain,
seem )"
p. 20 Para. 3: Change formula for adjective phrase from "AdjP -> (ADV)n (ADJ)n" to "(ADV)n ADJn" � �� [Remove parentheses around "ADJ"]
Para. 4: In the phrase gorgeous, sexy, and blonde, "and" should be in boldface but not underlined.
p. 21 In Ex. 2.7, move the first left-facing bracket above bird to directly above the d in "injured", to get: ���� [NP [AdjP ] ]
An injured bird
p. 22 To the directions for Ex. 2.9 add "and label" (to read: Bracket and label the phrases...)
p. 24 Under Adjective Clauses, Para 1, line 1: After "adjective clause" add "(traditionally known as a
� relative clause)"
Para 2, line 7: Add "+ noun " to "whose" in the list of relative pronouns to get: "whose + noun".
p. 27 First box: Move selling under VERB (i.e., is selling ), not under OBJECT.
Second box: Change titles font. It should be in roman script.
p. 29 First box: Delete "Sylvia left at midnight" and "Some alcoholics drink in the morning".
Para 2: Change "can" to "always".
Delete "although they do not have to" from the first sentence.
p. 35 Box 13: Change the term noncount "coun" to noncount "noun".
p. 36 In the definition of preposition , remove space between noun and s.
p. 37 Change the page number for TENSE (Ch. 4a) from "45" to "46".
Add "C. PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE VOICE SYSTEM 104"
Change C. to "D. THE ENGLISH VOICE SYSTEM IN DISCOURSE"
p. 45 Add a period after "5".
In Ex. 3.7, #3: Replace "want" with "prefer" and "Sentence 7" with "Sentence 6".
p. 53 Align "+ when Lincoln was a young man"
p. 55 Para. 4, Sentence 2: Replace "Will " with "Be going to " and "be going to " with "will " (both in italics).
p. 59 Under Form, para 2, line 8: After "VERBing", add "(traditionally known as a present participle)".
p. 71 Para. 2, line 1: Change "have" to "have " (in italics).
line 2: After "the ed2 -ending" add "(traditionally known as a past participle)".
p. 76 Ex. 4.21, # 7: Change "(applied)" to "(apply)".
p. 80 Ex. 4.24 Solution: Add "continuous" to the name of the tense (i.e., pres. perf. continuous)
p. 83 Para. 2: Remove "Then determine whether the verb is regular or irregular.".
p. 85 Bottom paragraph under Generalization: Change "VERBed2" to "VERBing".
p. 91 #9 under Agreement Required: Change "be going to" to " be going to " (in italics).
p. 99 Step 7: after "...passive subject" add ", and place it after that subject:".
p. 104 Change "Problem Solving with the Voice System" to upper case.
p. 109 Para. 2, sentence 2: Add "(and the main verb be )" after "auxiliary verb forms" (to read:
It is dependent on the auxiliary verb forms (and the main verb be ) that we �� studied in Chapter 3.)
Para. 5, line 6. Add footnote marker after "will. " so that it becomes "will.1".
Make the penultimate sentence "The auxiliary verbs had and would are unusual in that
they both contract to'd (e.g., I'd , he'd ) and the original form must be determined from
the context of the sentence" into Footnote 1 at the bottom of the page.
p. 111 Change footnote 1 to footnote 2.
p. 114 Subtitle: Add "Adjectives and" to make "Negation of Comparative Adjectives and Adverbs"
Bottom paragraph, line 1: Add Adjectives and" after "negate" to get "...negate adjectives and adverbs of �� comparison."
p. 115 Line 2 at top of page: Replace "he that" with "that he" to get "The old man knew that he would...".
Para. 1, line 1: Add "adjective or" after "comparative" to get "...forms of a comparative adjective or �� adverb."
Ex. 5.5 Directions: Add "adjective or" after "comparative" to get "...using a comparative adjective or �� adverb with no..."
p. 117 Change footnote 2 to footnote 3.
Change "usally" to "usually".
p. 134 Ex. 6.11, Solution b), third line: Correct "aftremodal" to "after modal".
p. 136 Bottom paragraph: Add "(or the main verb be )" after "...an auxiliary verb" (to read:
, which happens to be an auxiliary verb or the main verb be , to the front of the sentence.)
p. 139 Ex. 7.4, #9: Remove footnote number (1).
Remove entire footnote 1 at bottom of page.
p. 141 Table 7.1. Beneath "a time/WHEN" add "a reason WHY for WHAT reason (purpose)"
Very last sentence, change "whom " to "who(m) ". [Note parentheses around "m"]
p. 152 Problem Solving f: Replace "CLASS" with "CATEGORY".
p. 153 Para. 1, line 5: Replace "class" with "category".
Ex. 7.15, Solution b): Replace "class" with "category".
p. 156 Change footnote 2 to footnote 1.
p. 158 Ex. 7.18, # 5. Add a question mark (?).
p. 164 Under Embedded Statements, para. 1, line 2: Replace "always" with "usually".
Box at the bottom: Remove extraneous "L".
Penultimate line on page: Replace "because" with ";"
Replace "makes it" with "signals the begining of".
Footnote 1: Replace "short clauses" with "short noun clauses functioning as objects".
p. 182 Problem Solving: Change "a" to "d" and move this entire statement down. Change other letters �� �� accordingly: b->a; c->b; d->c.
p. 189 Ex. 8.23 Directions: After "an" add "internal".
p. 192 Ex. 8.26, #9: Remove underscore from "a quick phone call".
p. 203 Bottom paragraph: Correct spelling of "everbody" to "everybody".
p. 222 Ex. 10.8, Line 2: Change "Oregon" to "Washington."
p. 224 Problem Solving d: Replace "noncount" with "count".
Ex. 10.11 Example: Remove brackets around "a" and close up space.
p. 246 Problem Solving a: Replace "SUFFIX" with "FORM".
p. 250 Para 5, line 1: Replace "A subordinate clause is always" with "An adjective clause is usually".
p. 255 Ex. 11.13 #5: Replace the entire sentence with the following: "The bicycle should only be ridden on �� smooth roads. [whose tires we replaced]".
p. 257 Last para, line 1: Replace "relative" with "adjective" to get "defining adjective clause".
p. 259 Para. 2, Sentence (d): Add an asterisk (*) before the sentence.
p. 265 Problem Solving a. Add "CATEGORY OF" before "RELATIVE PRONOUN".
p. 275 In box under Ways and Means, add "In what way?" directly above "By what means?"
p. 278 Ex. 12.9 #1: Replace entire sentence with the following: "Nancy prefers to vacation
__________ the rich and famous congregate."
p. 279 First subheading: Change "ADVERBIAL" to "ADVERB" (i.e., "TIME ADVERB CLAUSES").
First sentence: Change "adverbial" to "adverb".
Para. 2, first sentence: Change "adverbial" to "adverb".
Second sentence: Change "adverbial" to "adverb".
p. 289 Table 13.1. Correct spelling of "CALENDAR" in CALENDAR TIME (from "CALANDR").
p. 303 Under DESTINATION: Align f).
p. 305 Line 6 from the top: Remove ">" from left margin.
p. 307 Problem Solving b: After "correct STRUCTURE" add "OF PP".
c: After "correct POSITION" add "OF PP".
p. 315 Change page number for LOGICAL COORDINATORS AND SUBORDINATORS from "328" to "320".
p. 318 First box, Line 2: Double underline to.
Line 3: Double underline what.
Line 10: Change "Subordination = 0" to "Subordination = 2"
Second box, Line 3: Replace first semicolon with a comma.
Line 4: Double underline to and to
Line 7: Add "[that]" before "Americans behave."
Line 8: Double underline to.
Line 9: Double underline dealing and that.
Line 10: Double underline to and that.
Line 12: Double underline as grievous
Line 13: Double underline what.
Line 14: Double underline what.
Line 15: Change "Subordination = 5" to "Subordination = 16" .
p. 318 First paragraph at bottom, Line 1: Replace "several instances" with "more".
Line 2: Replace "but none of" with "than" .
Add "much" before "more" (to read: much more subordination).
Para. 2, second line from bottom: Delete second "and".
Bottom line: After"who and that ," add "and noun clauses with their clause markers such as "what" and �� "that". Clauses with other markers are discussed in Chapter15."
p. 319 Para. 1, last line: Change "i.e.," to "e.g.,".
Ex. 14.1, first line of text: After "Crotilidae, and" add "it" (to read: and it is one of four..)
p. 320 Para. 2, last line: Delete "[Note: Subordination with adjective clauses was covered in Chapter 11
and is therefore not included here.]"
p. 333 Table 14.1: Under BUT, extend box line from second vertical to third under Generalized.
Switch although and however (However = coordinator; although =subordinator)
p. 334 Ex. 14.11B, #5. Remove comma before "whereas".
p. 342 Ex. 15.2 #3. Replace "won" with "is the winner of".
p. 337 Letter (c.) under PROBLEM SOLVING: Add "POSSIBLE" before "FORM OF COORDINATOR..."
p. 339 First paragraph, last sentence: Replace "nine" with "twenty".
p. 339 Box: Delete: DESCRIPTION citizens it seems
(that ) filled with (as )
cannot be (as ) DESCRIPTION
harsh
(but )
p. 341 Second subheading: Replace "COMPLIMENTS" with "COMPLEMENTS".
p. 342 Ex. 15.2 #3. Replace "won" with "is the winner of".
p. 343 Last line in last paragraph before Ex. 15.3. After "it-focus" add ", although its formal linguistic name
is a cleft sentence."
p. 352 Top example: Remove "a. The main problem is not finishing high school."
Change b. to a. and c. to b.
Para. 1: Delete "Sentence (a) shows the generalized gerund structure (not finishing high school), �� �� which is generalized because it has no specific subject and could apply to anybody."
Change Sentence (b) to Sentence (a) and Sentence (c) to Sentence (b).
p. 355 Para. 3: After "witness " add ", and other verbs such as spend, find, and remember."
p. 364 Problem Solving b: Replace comma between for and to with a slash [for /to ]
Replace comma between poss and -ing with a slash [poss/-ing ]
p. 379 Ex. 1.2 Replace "microcomputer DM, DM" with ""violinist DM".
Remove underscore beneath "ant" in "irrelevant" and remove second ",DM".
p. 379 AK Ex. 1.3 #1: Replace DM DM IM
transmitting with sending
CW CW
#2: Replace IM DM IM
warnings with warning s [Note two separate underlinings]
#4: Replace "FW" below "next" with "CW".
#5: Replace DM IM IM
circumnavigated with circled
CW CW
p. 380 AK Ex. 1.8 #2: Remove underline (u/l) from day and clouds.
racing should be underlined.
AK Ex. 1.10 #2: She should be underlined.
p. 381 AK Ex. 1.12 #1: of should be underlined.
AK Ex. 1.13 #5: a little should be underlined.
p. 383 AK Ex. 2.16 #3: Change "vt" to "vi" and delete "[no object present]"
#5: Change "vt" to "vi" and delete "[no object present]"
p. 383 AK Ex. 2.16 #8: Remove underline from "his assistant's work".
p. 384 Correct page heading.
AK Ex. 2.18 #3: Extend underline to include to the beach.
Ex. 2.19, #2: Add second bracket above "OBJECT".
#6: Add third bracket at the end of "tree".
p. 388 Ex. 3.7, #3: Replace "want " with "prefer ".
p. 390 Ex. 4.16, #6: Replace "p. cont." with "past cont."
#9: Replace "s. pres." with "f. cont."
p. 391 Ex. 4.21, #10: Underline "gave".
p. 393 Ex. 4.32, #1: In Explanation, replace "second" with "other".
p. 396 Add page heading.
p. 397 Add page heading.
p. 398 Add page heading.
p. 399 Add page heading.
AK Ex. 4.41 #2b: Add " correct aspect (simple)" above "correct possible form (taught ).
p. 401 Add page heading.
p. 402 Add page heading.
p. 403 Add page heading.
p. 406 Add page heading.
Ex. 6.11, #2. Delete extraneous "Explanation" at end of last line.
p. 407 Ex. 6.11, #11. After "correct" add "partial" (to read: "correct partial verb form after �� �� modal").
#13. After "(might = chance)" add ", (could = chance)" to read as follows:
[partial correct modal meaning (might = chance, could = chance)]
p. 408 Add page heading.
p. 409 Add page heading.
p. 408 Add page heading.
p. 409 Add page heading.
p. 410 Add page heading.
p. 411 Add page heading.
p. 412 Add page heading.
Ex. 7.15, #1b: Replace "class" with "category".
Ex. 7.15, #2b: Replace "class" with "category".
p. 413 Add page heading.
Ex. 7.15, #2c: Replace "Mike" with "Mice".
#3b: Remove "correct tense of AUX (present)".
Replace "class" with "category".
Ex. 7.15,#4b: Remove "correct polarity of AUX (negative)".
Replace "class" with "category".
Replace "(plural)" with "(singular)".
Ex. 7.15, #5b: Replace "class" with "category".
p. 414, Ex. 7.15, #8b: Replace "class" with "category".
Ex. 7.15, #9b: Replace "class" with "category".
Ex. 7.15, #10b: Replace "class" with "category".
p. 415 Ex. 7.15, #11b: Replace "class" with "category".
p. 416 Add page heading.
p. 418 Add page heading.
p. 422 Add page heading.
p. 423 Add page heading.
p. 424 Add page heading.
p. 429 Ex. 9.14, #8b: Replace "(subject)" with "(indefinite)".
p. 430 Add page heading.
Ex. 9.14, #13a: Replace "[At a dinner party]" with "[Bread is offered]".
Remove "bread".
p. 430 Ex. 9.14,#13c*: Replace "[At a dinner party]" with "[Bread is offered]".
Remove "bread".
#13c: Replace "[At a dinner party]" with "[Bread is offered]".
Remove "bread".
p. 431 Ex. 10.2,#20. Replace "class" with "iden".
p. 432 Ex. 10.8, Line 1: Change "Oregon" to "Washington".
Ex. 10.9, #3: The arrow should go from vegetables to the plants , not to their.
Ex. 10.10, #3: Remove underline from 'the mud".
p. 433 Ex. 10.11, #3b: Add ")" after "singular".
p. 434 Ex. 10.12, #1: Underline "the" in "the city of Chicago".
#3: Underline � in "� Arizona".
#4: Underline � in "� Serengeti National Park".
#8: Underline "the" in "the Hawaiian Islands".
#9: Underline � in "� British Columbia">
p. 436 Ex. 10.18, #3c: Remove "s" from "determiners"
#5b: Replace "(interrogative)" with "(WH-determiner)">
#8b: Replace "(demonstrative)" with "(dual)".
#8b: Replace "(dual)" with "(negative)".
p. 437 Ex. 10.18, #10b: Remove "correct determiner category (demonstrative)".
p. 439 Add page heading.
p. 440 Ex. 11.5 #4a: Replace italicized "ing " with italicized "ed ".
p. 442 AK Ex. 11.13, #5: Replace the entire sentence with the following: "The bicycle whose tires
we replaced should only be ridden on smooth roads."
p. 445 Ex. 11.23, #5b: Add "possible" before "reduction form".
p. 446 Ex. 11.23, #10b: Add "possible" before "reduction form".
p. 449 Ex. 12.9, #1: Replace entire sentence with the following: "Nancy prefers to vacation
where the rich and famous congregate.".
Ex. 12.10, #3: Underline "when".
p. 450 Ex. 12.13 #6. Replace "(manner)" with "(time)".
p. 455 Ex. 13.9, #6b: Replace "possession" with "place" [to read: (place with the town )]
p. 458 Ex. 14.1: Add "it" after ..."Crotilidae , and" to read "Crotilidae , and it is one of the four..."
p. 459 Add page heading.
p. 462 Ex. 14.14,#9c: Remove semicolon and comma from brackets (to read: [for this reason])
p. 467 Ex. 15.20,#5b: Remove "structure".
#6b: Remove "structure".
#8b: after "correct complementizer)" add "for /" before "to )" [i.e. (for /to)]
#8b: Replace "noun phrase" with "adjective".
#9b: Replace "(that + independent clause)" with "simultaneous ING-participle)".
p. 469 Ex. 15.25, #6c: Correct spelling of "comparisozn" to "comparison".
#7b: Replace "(object slot)" with "(predicate adjective slot)".
p. 470 Add page heading.
p. 470 Col. 4, line 2: Correct spelling of "meat" to "meet".
p. 471 Add page heading.
p. 472 Add page heading.
p. 473 Col. 3, line 2: Remove "in" from "in subordination" and move "subordination" into
alphabetical order below "markers (see also WH-question words )24"
p. 475 Col. 3, line 49: After "clause verb 23, 163" add "cleft sentences (see it -focus)".
p. 479 Col. 3, line 2: Replace "34" with "42".
p. 480 Col. 1, line 8: below "prepositions that show position 296" add "linking verbs 19".
p. 481 Col. 3, line 52: below "noun clauses; object of preposition 184" add "subordination 318".
p. 484 Col. 1, line 6: Move "particles 312-313" to right below "noun clauses 182-184".
p. 486 Under the heading "suffix (see also bound morpheme ), add "adverb, p. 270.
p. 487 Col. 4, line 36: below "verb; followed by infinitive structure 342" add "linking 19".